| Peer-Reviewed

Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

Received: 31 August 2019     Accepted: 16 September 2019     Published: 7 October 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Background: Birth injury is defined as structural damage of a newborn secondary to mechanical forces that occur during labor and/or delivery. This study determined the incidence, risk factors and outcome of birth injury. Methodology: This was an observational study of birth injuries in neonates, over a period of one year, carried out at a tertiary hospital in Enugu, south east, Nigeria. Results: Out of the 1,735 births recorded during the period of the study, there were 19 cases of birth injuries. This gave an incidence of 11 per 1000 live births. No neonate had more than one injury. They were thirteen males and six females that sustained birth injury. Cephalohematoma was the most common birth injury. Others are caput succedaneum, clavicular fracture, Erb’s palsy, femoral fracture, humeral fracture, shoulder dislocation and facial laceration. Mode of delivery, neonatal birth weight, gestational age and maternal parity were significant predictive risk factors for birth injury. Conclusion: In the current study, cephalohematoma was the most common birth injury, followed by caput succedaneum. There is need to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with birth injuries.

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190705.11
Page(s) 99-103
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Birth Injury, Incidence, Predictive Factor, Cephalohematoma

References
[1] Abedzadeh – Kalahroudi M, Talebian A, Jahangiri M, Mesdaghinian E, Mohammadzadeh M. Incidence of Neonatal Birth Injuries and Related Factors in Kashan, Iran. Arch Trauma Res. 2015; 4 (1): e22831. doi: 10.5812/atr22831.
[2] Van Vleet M, Birth Related Injury. In: Elzouki A, Harfi H, Nazer H, Stapleton FB, Oh W, Whitley R, editors. Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. Pp 159-75.
[3] Parker LA. Part 1: Early recognition and treatment of birth trauma. Injuries to the head and face. Adv Neonatal Care. 2005; 5 (6): 289-97.
[4] Naomi Ojumah, Rebecca C Ramdhan, Charlotte Wilson, Marios Loukas, Rod J Oskouian, Shane Tubbs R. Neurological Neonatal Birth Injuries: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2017; 9 (12): e1938. doi: 10.7759/cureus.1938.
[5] Hovind KH. Traumatic Birth Injuries. In: Raimondi AJ. Choux M, Di Rocco. Editors. Head injuries in the Newborn and infant. Principles of Pediatric Neurosurgery. Springer, New York, NY. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-7183-4_7.
[6] Awari BH, Al-Habdan I, Sadat Ali M, Al-Mulhim A. Birth associated trauma. Saudi Med J. 2003; 24 (6): 672-74.
[7] Ray S, Mondal R, Samanta M, Hazra A, Sabui TK, Debnath A, Chatterjeek K, Mukhopadhayau D, Sil A. Prospective Study of neonatal birth trauma: Indian perspective. 2016; 5 (2): 91-95. doi: 10.4103/2249-4847.179898.
[8] Hughes CA, Harley EH, Milmoe G, Bala R, Martorella A. Birth Trauma in the Head and Neck. Arch Otolaryyngol Head Neck Surg. 1999; 125: 193-199.
[9] Perlow JH, Wigton T, Hart J. Strassner HT, Nageotte MP, Wolk BM. Birth trauma. A five-year review of incidence and associated perinatal factors. J Reprod Med. 1996; 41 (10): 754-60.
[10] Cosmos Y, Cephas E, Adjoa NB, Seth KA, Nii KK, Eric KO. Prevalence and predisposing factors of brachial plexus birth palsy in a regional hospital in Ghana: a five year retrospective study. Pan Afr Med J. 2019; 32: 211. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2019.32.211.17914.
[11] Osinaike BO, Akinseye LO, Akiyode OR, Anyaebunam C, Kushimo O. Prevalence and Predictive factors of birth traumas in neonates presenting to the children emergency center of a tertiary center in Southwest, Nigeria. doi: 10. 4103/jcls.jcls_6216.
[12] Pius S, Ibrahim HA, Ibrahim BA, Farouk AG, Machoko Y, Bello M. Incidence and characteristics of neonatal birth injuries in Maiduguri North Eastern Nigeria. Niger J Paediatr. 2018; 45 (2): 99-105.
[13] Mosavat SA, Zamani M. The incidence of birth trauma among live born term neonates at a referral hospital in Rafsanjan Iran. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008; 21 (5): 337-9. doi: 10.1080/14767050801927921.
[14] Bhalla M, Srivastava AR, Srivastava JR, Bhalla JR, Pradhan K. Birth injuries in the Newborn. Indian J Pediatr. 1976; 43: 297.
[15] Borna H, Rad SM, Borna S, Mohseni SM. Incidence and risk factors for birth trauma in Iran. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 49 (2): 170-3. doi: 10.1016/S1028-4559(10)60036-8.
[16] Linder N, Linder I, Fridman E, Konadio F, Lubin D, Meriob P, Yoger Y, Melamed N. Birth trauma-risk factors and short term neonatal outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013; 26 (15): 1491-5. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2013.789850.
[17] Fette A. Birth and Neonatal Care injuries. A Special Aspect of Newborn Surgery. Pediatr Therapeut. 2012; 2: 132. doi: 10.4172/2161-0665.1000132.
[18] Gangaram Akangire, Brian Carter. Birth Injuries in Neonates. Pediatrics in Review. 2016; 37: 451. doi: 10.1542/pir. 2015-0125.
[19] Warke C, Malik S, Chockhandre M, Saboo A. Birth Injuries-A review of incidence, perinatal risk factors and outcome. Bombay Hosp J. 2012; 54 (2): 202-208.
[20] Moczygemba CK, Paramsothy P, Meikle S, Kourtis AP, Barfield WD, Kaklina E, Posner SF, Whiteman MK, Jamieson DJ. Route of delivery and neonatal birth trauma. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 202 (4): doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.11.041.
[21] Njokanma OF, Kehinde O. Mechanical Birth trauma-An Evaluation of predisposing factors at the Ogun State University Teaching Hospital Shagamu. Niger J Paediatr. 2012; 29 (3): 61-65.
[22] Prabhu RS, Sajjid M, Anandan H. Incidence and Predisposing Factors of Birth Trauma in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai, India: A Prospective Study. Int J Sci Stud. 2017; 4 (10): 29-33.
[23] Saemundur Gudmundsson, Anne-Lindaqvist. Correlation of birth injury with maternal height and birth weight. BJOG; 112: 764-767. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00545.x.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Chukwubuike Kevin Emeka, Ekwochi Uchenna, Enebe Joseph Tochukwu, Nduagubam Obinna Chukwuebuka, Eze Thaddeus Chikaodili, et al. (2019). Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 7(5), 99-103. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190705.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Chukwubuike Kevin Emeka; Ekwochi Uchenna; Enebe Joseph Tochukwu; Nduagubam Obinna Chukwuebuka; Eze Thaddeus Chikaodili, et al. Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2019, 7(5), 99-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190705.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Chukwubuike Kevin Emeka, Ekwochi Uchenna, Enebe Joseph Tochukwu, Nduagubam Obinna Chukwuebuka, Eze Thaddeus Chikaodili, et al. Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2019;7(5):99-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190705.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20190705.11,
      author = {Chukwubuike Kevin Emeka and Ekwochi Uchenna and Enebe Joseph Tochukwu and Nduagubam Obinna Chukwuebuka and Eze Thaddeus Chikaodili and Iheji Chukwunonso Chigozie},
      title = {Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria},
      journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {5},
      pages = {99-103},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20190705.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190705.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20190705.11},
      abstract = {Background: Birth injury is defined as structural damage of a newborn secondary to mechanical forces that occur during labor and/or delivery. This study determined the incidence, risk factors and outcome of birth injury. Methodology: This was an observational study of birth injuries in neonates, over a period of one year, carried out at a tertiary hospital in Enugu, south east, Nigeria. Results: Out of the 1,735 births recorded during the period of the study, there were 19 cases of birth injuries. This gave an incidence of 11 per 1000 live births. No neonate had more than one injury. They were thirteen males and six females that sustained birth injury. Cephalohematoma was the most common birth injury. Others are caput succedaneum, clavicular fracture, Erb’s palsy, femoral fracture, humeral fracture, shoulder dislocation and facial laceration. Mode of delivery, neonatal birth weight, gestational age and maternal parity were significant predictive risk factors for birth injury. Conclusion: In the current study, cephalohematoma was the most common birth injury, followed by caput succedaneum. There is need to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with birth injuries.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria
    AU  - Chukwubuike Kevin Emeka
    AU  - Ekwochi Uchenna
    AU  - Enebe Joseph Tochukwu
    AU  - Nduagubam Obinna Chukwuebuka
    AU  - Eze Thaddeus Chikaodili
    AU  - Iheji Chukwunonso Chigozie
    Y1  - 2019/10/07
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190705.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190705.11
    T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    SP  - 99
    EP  - 103
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-880X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190705.11
    AB  - Background: Birth injury is defined as structural damage of a newborn secondary to mechanical forces that occur during labor and/or delivery. This study determined the incidence, risk factors and outcome of birth injury. Methodology: This was an observational study of birth injuries in neonates, over a period of one year, carried out at a tertiary hospital in Enugu, south east, Nigeria. Results: Out of the 1,735 births recorded during the period of the study, there were 19 cases of birth injuries. This gave an incidence of 11 per 1000 live births. No neonate had more than one injury. They were thirteen males and six females that sustained birth injury. Cephalohematoma was the most common birth injury. Others are caput succedaneum, clavicular fracture, Erb’s palsy, femoral fracture, humeral fracture, shoulder dislocation and facial laceration. Mode of delivery, neonatal birth weight, gestational age and maternal parity were significant predictive risk factors for birth injury. Conclusion: In the current study, cephalohematoma was the most common birth injury, followed by caput succedaneum. There is need to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with birth injuries.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Surgery, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Department of Surgery, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Sections